College of Science

• Biology Department
• Chemistry and Geology Department
• TSYS Computer Science Department
• Health Science Program
• Environmental Science Program
• Mathematics Department
• Nursing Department
• Psychology and Sociology Department

The College of Science consists of the departments of Biology, Chemistry and Geology, Computer Science, Mathematics, Nursing, and Psychology and Sociology and programs in Health Science and Environmental Science.

Department of Biology

The Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BS) programs in biology include a broad spectrum of exciting subjects. We seek to prepare broadly prepared individuals who can successfully specialize in graduate or health professional schools or seek immediate employment; however, a number of students select a degree in biology just because they find it a fascinating discipline. Biology can be a valuable minor that enhances employment opportunities in many fields.

The BA degree in biology is designed for students who wish to exercise more control over the development of their degree program. Such students may wish to combine studies in biology with areas such as art, business, education, or political science. Some students simply want a liberal education with its focus in biology. The BA program has been designed for such students; however, some students use the BA degree to seek admission into dental or medical school by adding a number of the courses required in the BS program. Students selecting the BA degree must complete a minor or an approved equivalent.

The BS degree in biology represents the most appropriate preparation for those who wish to pursue post-graduate studies. The curriculum is built on a strong core in science with studies that explore the breadth and some of the depth of biology. The BS program provides the opportunity for each student to complete a required undergraduate research project. Students who are interested in entering graduate school, dental school, medical school, or a school of veterinary medicine, or who want a sound, comprehensive degree are urged to consider the BS degree.

Learning by doing is the preferred teaching mode in the Department of Biology. There are opportunities to become involved in field or laboratory projects. The university is located in a unique ecological region of the southeast, and as a result opportunities in environmental biology are common. Labs have been equipped to explore new techniques in molecular and cellular biology. Our faculty represent a well-qualified and balanced diversity of the biological sub-fields, are eclectic in their interests, and work exceptionally well with one another and with students. As a community of learners we believe in high standards, hard work, and having fun!

In order to declare a major in biology, a student will be required to have an overall GPA (including grades earned at other institutions) of 2.5 (without rounding up). Students must also have completed the following coursework prior to admittance into any of the junior-level core courses: Chemistry 1211, 1211L, and 1212 and 1212L; two additional laboratory science courses; Area A and Area D mathematics courses. Students must receive a grade of "C" or better for all classes required in the major. Classes with grades lower than a "C" cannot be used to satisfy prerequisite requirements for courses required in the major. We provide advising for the BA, BS, BS pre-professional, BS pre-veterinary, as well as pre-forestry and pre-pharmacy programs. To complete a degree in biology, students must obtain a minimum overall grade point average of 2.0 in all science courses applied to graduation.

Special academic advisors are available to work with biology majors whose academic concentrations are in pre-dentistry, pre-medicine, and pre-veterinary medicine. To officially declare one of these concentrations, an entering student must have:

• a minimum SAT total score of 1000 or a minimum ACT composite score of 22
• a minimum high school grade point average of 3.00
• completed college preparatory curriculum requirements (Georgia high school graduates)

Students not meeting these requirements may meet with pre-medical advisors for advice, but will be officially assigned to BA or BS advisors until they have:

• completed 30 semester hours
• completed CHEM 1211, CHEM 1212 (including labs), COMM 1110, and STAT 1127
• maintained a minimum institutional grade point average of 3.00

Pre-veterinary medicine students must pursue the BS in biology; students with concentrations in pre-dentistry or pre-medicine may pursue either the BA or BS in biology.

A special advisor has also been assigned to work with biology majors with a pre-pharmacy concentration. These students are assigned as BA in biology majors. Some students complete a four-year degree while others transfer to a pharmacy school after two or three years. There are no additional academic criteria for entrance into this concentration.

As its mission the Department of Biology at Columbus State University is concerned with:

• undergraduate education and research in biology
• graduate education and research in biology, science education, and environmental science
• service to our geographic region in biology science education, and environmental science
• sustenance of a community of scholars engaged in developing the ways of knowing, habits of the mind, and operational skills characteristic of capable biologists

Expected Outcomes

Graduates will be able to:

• apply knowledge from mathematics, statistics, physical science, and chemistry to biological understanding
• develop an understanding of biological theory, concepts, and skills in the areas of cellular biology, molecular biology, genetics, organismic biology, ecology, population biology, and evolution
• think both individually and as members of collaborative groups, with a deliberate awareness of the process of critical thinking
• employ critical thinking to formulate questions and synthesize answers
• respect and enjoy the pursuit of knowledge and rational thought
• place biological understanding into historical and contemporary contexts
• appreciate and assess social implications of biological knowledge
• demonstrate an awareness of and appreciation for codes of conduct valued by most scientists
• communicate effectively by listening, speaking, reading, and writing
• apply appropriate communications technology
• apply technology and scientific method to biological inquiry
• assess opportunities and make personal decisions about career and life goals

Department of Chemistry and Geology

• Chemistry
• Geology
• Pre-Engineering Program

The Department of Chemistry and Geology will evolve in directions which best serve the needs of our students and the regional community. Department activities are presently oriented toward undergraduate education in the physical sciences and engineering. However, we are committed to growth and expansion of the range of available services by development of the department into a center of the following:

• undergraduate education in the chemical, geological, and physical sciences and engineering

• graduate education in the chemical and earth sciences

• graduate education in environmental science

• consulting and advisory services for commercial and governmental concerns

• pure and applied research within the departmental disciplines, focusing on the particular needs and features of the region

• undergraduate education producing highly qualified certified teachers of Earth and Space Science

• providing breadth of graduate education in the sciences for masters in education candidates

Chemistry

The baccalaureate degree programs in chemistry are designed to offer students a solid background in general, organic, inorganic, analytical, and physical chemistry as well as exposure to applied chemistry, biochemistry, spectroscopy, and instrumental analysis. Graduates are expected to appreciate both qualitative and quantitative interpretation, to think independently, and to apply skills and knowledge of chemistry to real-world problems. Because of the diverse goals of chemistry students, and needs of the region, four degree programs are available: (1) Bachelor of Arts (BA), (2) Bachelor of Arts and Secondary Education (BAED), (3) Bachelor of Science: Applied Track (BS), and (4) Bachelor of Science: Professional Track (BS) degrees.

BA in Chemistry - The Bachelor of Arts degree program is designed for students interested in attending professional schools of medicine, dentistry or pharmacy. In addition to the general degree requirements, the BA in Chemistry requires satisfactory completion of courses in mathematics, physics, and biology. These provide a broad foundation in the field and permit flexibility for evolving and changing student interests. A broad range of upper-level elective courses exists to expose students to modern fields within the chemical sciences and to help students broaden their college experience.

BA in Chemistry and Secondary Education –The Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry and Secondary Education degree program is offered in collaboration with the College of Education. This program is designed for students interested in teaching chemistry at secondary level and/or pursuing graduate studies in chemical education/science education. In addition to the general degree requirements, the BA in Chemistry and Secondary Education requires satisfactory completion of courses in chemistry, mathematics and physics, as well as in education. The IBID curriculum provides a broad foundation in the field of chemistry and education and prepares graduates to teach chemistry at middle and/or high schools. A broad range of upper-level elective courses in chemistry exists to expose students to modern fields within the chemical sciences and to help students broaden their understanding of science teacher education. Moreover, students are sufficiently prepared to pursue graduate studies in chemical education/science education.

BS in Chemistry: Applied Chemistry Track - This program is recommended for entry level positions in industry and government laboratories. In addition to the general degree requirements, the BS in chemistry requires satisfactory completion of courses in chemistry, computer science, mathematics, and physics. These provide a broad foundation in the field and permit flexibility for evolving and changing student interests. A broad range of upper-level elective courses exists to expose students to modern techniques within the chemical sciences and to help students expand their college experience.

BS in Chemistry: Professional Chemistry Track - This program is recommended for students who desire to pursue graduate studies in chemistry or related fields. The program also prepares students for entry level positions in industry and government laboratories. In addition to the general degree requirements, the BS in chemistry requires satisfactory completion of courses in chemistry, computer science, mathematics, and physics. The professional track also enables students to gain substantial research experience through independent study and senior seminar courses under the guidance and mentorship of faculty members. The program provides a sound foundation in the field of chemistry and permits flexibility for evolving and changing student interests. A broad range of upper-level elective courses exists to expose students to modern techniques within the chemical sciences and to help students expand their college experience.

The mission of the Chemistry division of the Department of Chemistry and Geology at Columbus State University is:

• to provide students with a thorough undergraduate education in the fundamental principles of chemistry which will enable them to compete in a global society
• to prepare students for graduate and/or professional schools
• to prepare students for teaching careers in chemistry in Georgia and beyond
• to prepare students for research/technical careers in the chemical industry in the region and beyond
• to promote science education and environmental science in the local community and beyond
• to provide service to our geographic region in the chemical sciences through university-community partnerships

Expected Outcomes

Graduates will be able to:

• demonstrate knowledge of the diverse areas of chemistry, both theoretical and practical

• communicate the rapidly changing field of chemical knowledge effectively

• estimate and interpret chemical information in the context of the day-to-day events

• demonstrate skills in quantitative and qualitative problem-solving related to the chemical sciences

• demonstrate theoretical knowledge of chemical instrumentation, including the operation of microprocessor controlled instruments

• integrate the usage of computers in chemistry

• think independently and apply chemical knowledge to a problem

• demonstrate knowledge of safety methodologies used in the chemical laboratory

• enter into employment in the chemical industry or into graduate or professional schools

Geology

The baccalaureate degree programs in geology prepare graduates for entry into the practice of professional geology, the teaching of Earth Science or Geology, or as preparatory education for graduate study in related fields such as environmental science, regional planning, or further studies in science education. The location of the University allows opportunities for extensive field research and learning experiences within three physiographic provinces. This proximity to such important geologic features allows field work to become an integral part of many courses and is a strength of the department. Faculty work closely with students to ensure their academic success. The BS in Geology curriculum qualifies graduates to meet the introductory requirements for licensing with the Georgia Board of Registration for Professional Geologists. The BS in Geology requires satisfactory completion of courses in mathematics, physics, and chemistry, as well as in geology. These provide a broad foundation in the field and permit flexibility for evolving and changing student interests. The BS in Geology and Secondary Education includes coursework coursework required for teacher certification in addition to coursework providing a comprehensive background in the geosciences. Our program is NCATE accredited and one of few in the state to provide this depth of training for teachers in secondary earth science.

The diverse experience of the faculty allows a range of upper-level elective courses to be offered that introduce students to various sub-fields within the geological sciences and expand their college experience. Some courses are offered every other year; therefore, careful planning of an individual student's program is necessary

Expected Outcomes

Graduates of the BS in Geology program will be able to:

• demonstrate a working knowledge of the major areas of geology (mineralogy, petrology, paleontology, stratigraphy, structural geology, environmental geology, and geomorphology)

• communicate geological concepts, data, and interpretations to others

• demonstrate knowledge and apply field observations, traditional techniques, and modern technology to the solution of geologic aspects of problems in regional planning and the environment as well as traditional geologic problems (use appropriate data bases, software, and analytical tools)

• demonstrate ability to assemble diverse geologic data into environmental, economic, and regional geologic interpretations

• perform the tasks requested in entry level geologic employment or graduate school

Graduates of the BS Geology and Secondary Education program will be able to:

• Demonstrate a working knowledge of many of the major areas of geology (mineralogy, petrology, paleontology, stratigraphy, and environmental geology)
• Demonstrate breadth of knowledge in a range of geologically related physical sciences
• Apply course related field work to lesson planning involving the relevant Georgia Performance Standards
• Demonstrate appropriate use of tools or technology commonly used in the study of geological or related sciences
• correctly interpret and demonstrate appropriate use of geological and related data such as maps, charts, tables, graphs
• relate the importance of geologic data to environmental, economic, and regional concerns
• reason thoughtfully about scientific matters and the nature of science
• Demonstrate proficiency in instructional planning
• Demonstrate proficiency in the implementation of instruction
• Demonstrate proficiencies related to helping every student succeed
• Demonstrate proficiencies related to selecting and using materials to enhance teaching and learning
• Demonstrate proficiencies related to evaluating learning and teaching
• Demonstrate and apply knowledge of findings of educational research related to the teaching and learning of science
• Display values, commitments, dispositions and habits associated with effective and professional teaching

The Pre-Engineering Program

The pre-engineering program is designed to provide a liberal education and to develop a broad scientific and technical foundation for future specialization. Two programs are available:

• Regents' Engineering Transfer Program (RETP) and

• General Pre-Engineering Program (GPEP).

Upon successful completion of the pre-engineering curriculum, RETP students transfer to Georgia Tech and work toward completing a bachelor of engineering degree, while GPEP students may apply to any engineering school in the nation of their choice, including Georgia Tech. It is expected that students will normally require four to five and one-half years to complete the degree requirements, depending on their pre-college preparation and engineering major, as with any other engineering school graduates. Students entering the pre-engineering program can be prepared for specialization in aerospace, ceramic, chemical, civil, computer, electrical, industrial, materials, mechanical, nuclear and textile engineering.

To be admitted to the Regents' Engineering Transfer Program at Columbus State University, a student must be a resident of Georgia, with a combined SAT score of at least 1090 (including a 560 math and 530 verbal score). Students who do not initially qualify for RETP when entering may join the RETP after the end of their freshmen year by completing the first two required chemistry courses and calculus 1 and 2 with grades of 3.0 (B) or higher, and by attaining a cumulative grade point average of 3.0 or higher.

Columbus State University faculty members have been working closely with Georgia Tech faculty to assure a curriculum that is well coordinated with that of Georgia Tech. At the same time, RETP students enjoy many of the advantages of Georgia Tech students: they have equal access to engineering majors at Georgia Tech, they can participate in the co-op program, and they are invited to the Georgia Tech campus once a year for campus tours, information sessions, and meeting with advisors in their engineering major.

TSYS Department of Computer Science

• Undergraduate Programs
• Graduate Program

Undergraduate Programs

The TSYS Department of Computer Science offers a Master in Applied Computer Science degree program with concentrations in Software Development or Information Assurance; a Bachelor of Science degree program with concentrations in Computer Systems, Game Programming or Applied Computer Science; a Minor in Computer Science; a Bachelor of Science degree program in Information Technology; and a Certificate in Data Processing, a Graduate Certificate for Information Security Professionals and a Graduate Certificate for Information Security Officers

The BS in Computer Science - Systems Track provides the student with skills required to compete in today's computing environment and to be able to adapt to tomorrow. Much effort is expended ensuring that the program is viable and current, focusing on the newer technologies and emphasizing applications of current methods for the design and engineering of software systems.

The BS in Computer Science - Games Track provides students with a thorough understanding of the theory, design and programming techniques required for producing games software. This track equips students with the theoretical and practical knowledge for careers in the games and simulation industries. Topics covered include games theory, design and programming; graphics techniques including virtual environments; artificial intelligence techniques; multi-player and Internet games programming; and games specific software tools.

The BS in Computer Science - Applied Track provides student a rigorous education in computer science with particular attention and practice given to mainframe business applications and web programming. This program was initiated by a joint study agreement with the IBM Corporation, and was expanded by funding from the Intellectual Capital Partnership Program (ICAPP). It is particularly geared to the large system computing needs of the companies that dominate the local economy.

The B.S. Information Technology (BSIT) program provides students with a combination of knowledge, hands–on experience, and application of theory to support their employment in the field of Information Technology. The curriculum emphasizes quantitative and communication skills as well as providing a basic foundation in understanding the business process and the role of Information Technology in supporting that process.

The certificate in data processing is designed to allow the student the opportunity to develop skills in computer science without pursuing a degree. The program requires 30 semester hours of credit in computer science or related areas in a plan of study approved by the department chair.

In conjunction with the Mission Statement of Columbus State University, the Department of Computer Science will serve the educational needs of students of the university in the area of computing and the specific educational needs of the businesses and industries in our community. Computing will continue to play a larger part in the educational experience of each student at Columbus State University, and the Department of Computer Science is committed to playing a leadership role in this process. The department will also maintain programs for its majors that are current, viable, and applicable to the computing technologies and the technologies of the present and future. And because we serve the community in which we live, we will maintain contact with the computing entities of our region, and strive to provide the educational opportunities needed to keep those entities viable for the future.

The Department of Computer Science is committed to:

• educating students to think critically and creatively in a technological environment
• fostering the highest ideals of ethics, especially pertaining to electronic interaction
• providing the strongest and most current instruction in the areas of computing and technology
• serving to meet the educational needs of the community and region in the areas of computing and technology through collaboration, vision, and foresight
• striving to help Columbus State University meet its commitment to fostering its centers of excellence, especially in the areas of science, mathematics, and technology education and regional economic and community development

Expected Outcomes

Graduates in the BS in CS Systems Track program will:

• be able to use an integrated development environment to code and implement an executable program
• have a basic understanding of theoretical aspects of computer science
• be able to produce a software solution using an object-oriented programming architecture
• be familiar with standard CPU architectures
• understand the major differences among modern programming languages
• be able to analyze, design and implement a solution to real-world scientific or engineering problems
• be familiar with methods used to design and access databases
• be able to demonstrate knowledge of social and ethical impact of computers

Graduates in the BS in CS Games Track program will:

• be able to use an integrated development environment to code and implement an executable program
• have a basic understanding of theoretical aspects of computer science
• be familiar with standard CPU architectures
• demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the creation of computer-based games: including games design, 2D and 3D graphics programming, games AI, virtual reality and simulation
• determine the requirements for a computer game and design computer game elements
• produce a computer game that meets its requirements
• be aware of current issues in computer gaming
• be able to lead a development team
• be able to demonstrate knowledge of social and ethical impact of computers

Graduates in the BS in CS Applied Track program will:

• be able to use an integrated development environment to code and implement an executable program
• be able to produce a web-based software solution using high-level development tools
• be familiar with standard CPU architectures
• understand the major differences among modern programming languages
• be able to analyze, design and implement a solution to real-world information processing problems
• be familiar with the theory and application of transaction processing
• be familiar with methods used to design and access databases
• be able to demonstrate knowledge of the social and ethical impact of computers

Graduates in the BS in Information Technology (BSIT) program will:

• be able to apply fundamental systems analysis, project management, and end user support concepts to address real–world business problems
• be able to apply analytical and critical thinking skills to develop creative solutions to these problems
• be able apply professional and interpersonal skills to communicate these solutions to both coworkers and management
• understand how the software solution functions as a part of the overall business solution to the problem at hand
• participate in the development and testing of the software designed as a part of this business solution

Graduation Requirements

Satisfactory completion of university requirements and a minimum grade of 'C' in each computer science course counted towards the major.

Graduate Program

The TSYS Department of Computer Science offers the Master of Science in Applied Computer Science, with two concentrations: Software Development and Information Assurance. To allow students with different backgrounds to benefit from and be successful in the program, students may also design a program of study without a concentration.

Expected Outcomes

All graduates in the MS in Applied CS program will be able to apply techniques and technologies from at least four of the following areas:

• Algorithm Analysis and Design
• Programming Languages
• Database
• Computer Architecture
• Operating Systems
• Computer Networks

In addition graduates in the Information Assurance concentration will:

• understand the major issues of information assurance
• be able to identify threats and vulnerabilities to information systems
• be able to identify data, computer and network exploits
• be able to identify ways to secure information, computers and networks

In addition graduates in the Software Development concentration will:

• be able to produce a software solution using an object-oriented programming architecture
• be able to produce a web-based software solution using high-level development tools
• be able to produce solutions in a distributed and/or enterprise environment

Admission

Requirements for all applicants for admission into the program for the Master of Science in Applied Computer Science include the following:

1. An undergraduate degree from an accredited college or university,
   AND
2. A minimum 2.75 undergraduate cumulative GPA,
   OR
   A minimum 3.00 cumulative GPA in the student's undergraduate major,
   OR
   Significant experience (as judged by the Computer Science Department)
   in industrial software development as documented by a resume and other
   appropriate documents, including published papers or patents.

Students may be admitted to the program unconditionally or conditionally (provisionally).

Additional requirements for unconditional admission into the MS program include:

1. An undergraduate major in Computer Science, Applied Computer Science, Computer Information Science/Systems, Computer Engineering or other closely related field from an accredited college or university
   AND
2. Demonstrated experience in the fundamentals of computer programming and knowledge in the fundamental principles of computer science, as evidenced by either
   a) passing with a grade of C or better a course substantially
   equivalent to CPSC 6105 – Fundamental of Computer Programming and Data Structures and CPSC 6106 – Fundamental Principles of Computer Science at CSU,
   OR
   b) a score of 50th percentile or higher on the GRE computer science test,
   OR
   c) passing a departmental test of programming competency in data structures
   AND
3. A minimum combined score of 900 on the verbal and quantitative sections of the GRE.

Students admitted conditionally to the program must show proficiency in Fundamental of Computer Programming and Data Structures (CPSC 6105) and Fundamental Principles of Computer Science (CPSC 6106) before being allowed to take any 6*** course for graduate credit in Computer Science. Students who have not taken these courses, either at Columbus State University or at another accredited college or university may "test out" of the courses.

Students admitted conditionally to the program are required to take and obtain the minimum combined score described above on the Graduate Record Examination within the first semester of initial enrollment at Columbus State University.

On-Line Students

The TSYS Department of Computer Science offers the Master of Science in Applied Computer Science, with courses available both on campus and on-line. Although there is only a single degree track, it is the intent of the department that a student be able to attain the degree either by taking only on-campus courses, or by taking only on-line courses, or by taking a combination of the two types of courses, as best fits the student's schedule and travel requirements. Each graduate course in Computer Science will be scheduled for on-campus or on-line offering as the student demand requires.

Students who wish to take graduate courses on-line must meet all of the requirements stated above and, in addition, be aware of the following requirements specific to the process of taking courses via distance education.

1. Students must have a personal Internet connection
2. Each student must have a personal computer which is capable of running the required software
3. Students must have the ability to administer their systems, install and configure their own software. No support is provided to help manage personal systems or software. Students must provide personally licensed copies of required software
4. Exams may be computerized. Each student is responsible for locating and arranging an approved proctor to administer all examinations. Approved proctors include supervisors at work and various public officials such as librarians. During a computerized exam, the computer must maintain a continuous Internet connection. Professors of individual courses may have different requirements.

Visit the MS in Applied Computer Science Online Support site, accessible through http://cs.colstate.edu. This site has a lot of general information useful to online students. It includes an FAQ page addressing common questions like logging in, technical support, taking course exams, managing your account, contact links, software, hardware, etc.

Graduate Assistantships

All applicants must submit to the Chair of the Department of Computer Science

1. A letter of application including a statement of need and commitment and the applicant's reasons for undertaking graduate study.
2. Two letters of recommendation, either from college-level instructors or employers.

Applicants with significant industrial experience are invited, but not required, to include a resume to demonstrate practical experience in software development.

Application for Graduation

Approval of an application for the Master of Science degree in Applied Computer Science is contingent upon the successful completion of an approved program and recommendation for the degree by the College of Science. Applications for degree conferral must be submitted to the Office of the Registrar no later than the semester prior to completion of degree requirements.

The following requirements must be met for the completion of the degree program:

• Students must earn a 3.0 grade point average calculated on all graduate work attempted for which letter grades are awarded.
• At least 27 of the hours required for the degree must be earned in the program. A maximum of nine semester hours with no grade lower than B may be accepted for transfer. Transfer credit will not be used in computing the student's grade point average.
• All degree requirements must be completed within seven years of first enrollment.
• Any program for the Master of Science in Applied Computer Science must include at least twelve courses (36 semester hours) taken for graduate credit.
• Any program for the Master of Science in Applied Computer Science must include at least six courses (18 semester hours) at the graduate (6000 or above) level.
• Any program for the Master's Degree in Applied Computer Science must include four courses (12 semester hours) in the Core Curriculum.
• Any student who has taken a 5000-level core course for undergraduate credit at CSU will not be required to retake the course and may apply it as a prerequisite as appropriate. The student will not receive graduate credit for the course.
• A student opting for a thesis in Applied Computer Science must take at least six hours of CPSC 6985 – Research and Thesis. Although only six hours of CPSC 6985 may be applied to the Master's Degree, the student is cautioned that successful completion of a thesis may require taking CPSC 6985 more than twice.
• A student who elects the thesis option for the degree may not graduate until a thesis has been produced, approved by the student's thesis committee, and successfully defended in a public presentation.
• A student who changes from the thesis option to the non-thesis option for a degree may not apply any hours taken in CPSC 6985 towards the 36-hour minimum for the degree.

Program in Health Science

• Undergraduate Program
• Graduate Program

Undergraduate Program

The Bachelor of Science in Health Science is designed as a fundamental health-related degree that will enable students to pursue a variety of careers related to our population's health status. The emphasis of the program focuses upon community health issues and human behavior dynamics. Graduates will have the basic skills and knowledge needed to become an asset to the health care and research-oriented community. Students are encouraged to become nationally recognized certified health education specialists (CHES) through the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing.

Expected Outcomes

• Graduates will understand the role of the health professional in the provision of services to clients/patients.
• Graduates will be able to compile, calculate and use health-related data to identify and evaluate health needs, interests and concerns of individuals and/or groups.
• Graduates will be able to function as public health professionals for the health-related problems of individuals in the school, workplace or various community environments.
• Graduates will be able to identify and describe the behavioral determinants of good mental and physical health.
• Graduates will possess the skills and knowledge needed in order to develop a comprehensive educational program that focuses on tobacco use prevention, cancer education, diabetes education and other health-related topics.

Admission Requirements. Students transferring into the Health Science program from another degree program at Columbus State University or from another institution must have a minimum combined grade point average of 2.50 based on a 4.0 scale. Individuals must seek the permission of the Chairperson before entering the program.

Graduation Requirements

Satisfactory completion of all university requirements with a minimum grade of C in all courses including science labs.

Graduate Program

The Master of Public Administration (MPA) program with a concentration in health services administration is designed to promote achievement of students' professional objectives with regard to government agencies and health organizations. It is suitable also for not-for-profit organizations. The program details are listed below:

• Health services administration, designed for students who wish to be better prepared for management in complex healthcare organizations and programs; it is especially suited to students whose health careers move from providing direct services to supervisory and programmatic responsibilities.

Expected Outcomes

• Students will demonstrate knowledge of core and option subjects on the comprehensive examination.
• Graduates will express satisfaction with the contribution of the degree to their professional goals.

Admission

An undergraduate degree from an accredited institution is required. Regular admission requires a minimum 2.75 undergraduate grade point average and either a minimum score of 800 on the general test of the Graduate Record Examination (total of verbal and quantitative scores) or a minimum score of 400 on the Miller Analogies Test. Applicants not meeting these criteria may be admitted as provisional students, if other indicators of probable success are indicated within the application, such as professional achievement or upward trend of undergraduate grades.

Curriculum

In addition to the courses listed below, each option is subject to the following requirements:

• All students must complete the common core for the degree.
• A minimum B average in core courses, with no more than two Cs, and a minimum grade of B in option courses are required for degree completion.
• No more than 17 semester credit hours in the D. Abbott Turner College of Business courses, including transferred credit, may be credited toward the MPA degree.
• Satisfactory completion of the Comprehensive Examination (MPAC 7000) is required for graduation. The examination is based on courses taken and normally is completed in the last semester of enrollment. It is the responsibility of the student to register for MPAC 7000 in the appropriate semester. The examination is drawn up and graded by a committee appointed by the program director, which includes core and optio n faculty. The director is eligible to serve on the examination committee. A candidate who fails the examination will be eligible for re-examination during the next semester.

Program in Environmental Science

The Master of Science in Environmental Science program is designed to prepare graduates who can deal effectively with the increasing problems and questions related to environmental impacts and in planning for the maintenance and management of environmental quality in the face of population and industrial growth. The program builds upon an undergraduate science background and provides a foundation in pertinent areas of biology, chemistry, and geology, as well as social and philosophical issues related to the development of sound environmental policy and regulation.

Statement of Mission

The Master of Science program in environmental science provides advanced training, education and research opportunities to post-baccalaureate science students living primarily in the Georgia/Alabama region. Graduates of the program are trained to serve as environmental professionals in local, state, and federal environmental resource agencies; in the private sector, as environmental consultants; or are prepared to enter a doctoral program in environmental science or related fields. Primary emphasis is placed upon acquiring a sound background in the underpinning concepts in environmental science, designing and conducting an original piece of research, and effectively communicating the results, in both written and oral forms. These professionals will be able to critically assess a wide range of environmental issues and create a plan for sound maintenance and/or environmental management.

Admission

Minimum admission requirements for the MS program in environmental science are as follows:

• Students must hold a baccalaureate degree in one of the natural sciences or engineering from an accredited college or university.

• Students must have earned an undergraduate grade point average of at least 3.00 on a 4.0 scale, calculated on all work attempted in which letter grades were awarded.

• Students must present evidence of a minimum score of 1000 on the verbal and quantitative (aptitude test) of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE).

Provisional Admission

Students who have earned an appropriate baccalaureate degree, but whose undergraduate grade point average is lower than 3.0 or whose Graduate Record Examination (GRE) aptitude tests score is lower than 1000, will be given consideration by the graduate admissions committee of the College of Science and may be admitted provisionally.

Provisional students may be given specific coursework or independent study requirements in order to make up deficiencies but, at a minimum, must complete a minimum of 10 semester hours of program core courses with a grade of B or better. Provisional students will not be eligible for teaching assistantships until they have obtained full admission to the program.

Because of the interdisciplinary nature of this program, students admitted to this program will be expected to have completed courses in the following disciplines: physical and historical geology, introductory biology, introductory chemistry, organic chemistry, calculus, and introductory physics. At the discretion of the Environmental Science Advisory Committee, students without this background may be granted conditional acceptance. However, it is expected that these deficiencies will be removed within the first two semesters of graduate work. The Environmental Science Advisory Committee will provide guidance and approve these remedial courses.

The required thesis is to be a significant original contribution in environmental science. The topic must be approved by the student's advisory committee in advance of the beginning of the thesis research. At least one member of the committee will provide advice and guidance in the student's research and in development of the thesis. The full committee will evaluate the defense of the thesis upon its completion. Candidates must choose an advisor and committee members by the end of the first semester of enrollment in the program.

Application for Graduation

Approval of an application for the Master of Science in Environmental Science is contingent upon the successful completion of an approved program and recommendation for the degree by the College of Science. Applications for degree conferral must be submitted to the Office of the Registrar the semester prior to completion of the degree requirements.

The following requirements must be met for the completion of the degree program:

• Students must earn a 3.0 grade point average calculated on all graduate work attempted for which letter grades are awarded and cannot include more than five hours with grades of C. At least 30 of the hours required for the degree, including the program core, must be earned in residence. A maximum of six semester hours with no grade lower than B may be accepted for transfer. Transfer credit will not be used in computing the student's grade point average.

• A comprehensive examination must be satisfactorily completed before graduation. This examination will be based upon the content of the program core and, normally, will be taken within two semesters after completion of the core courses. The comprehensive exam may be in written or oral format, at the discretion of the environmental science advisory committee. The exam contains material covered in the core courses as well as a selection of critical topics that a student should have studied in his/her undergraduate career. A candidate who does not perform satisfactorily may be required to enroll in additional courses or, through a special topics class, review critical literature and techniques. In any case, a student who has unsatisfactory results will not be eligible for re-examination before the following quarter. In such instances, it will not be necessary for the student to be enrolled in order to be re-examined.

• Each student must successfully defend the thesis as determined by the advisory committee.

• All degree requirements must be completed within seven years of first enrollment.

Course Load

The maximum recommended course load for a graduate student in the College of Science in a given semester is 12 semester hours, except that the maximum course load for a student holding a graduate assistantship is nine semester hours.

Department of Mathematics

The Department of Mathematics offers student-centered programs and quality instruction by expert faculty. We equip all students with problem solving skills and a general knowledge of mathematics enabling them to function as educated citizens. Our degree programs prepare students for promising careers in industry, teaching at the high school or college level, and research. We also offer academic minors in mathematics, philosophy, and statistics for students interested in strengthening their quantitative and/or analytical skills while pursuing another major.

The department offers four degree options: the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics, the Bachelor of Science in Mathematics , the Bachelor of Science in Mathematics - Applied Math Concentration , and the Bachelor of Science in Mathematics - Secondary Education Track . Graduates of all math programs will cultivate the capabilities for presenting logical arguments, thinking abstractly, and formulating and solving problems. These attributes ready the student for a lifetime of continued learning.

The BA program features a broad exposure to mathematics, including geometry and the history of math, and the flexibility to complete additional course work in another subject.

The BS in Mathematics - Secondary Education Track provides a solid background in mathematics, as well as course work necessary for teaching certification at the secondary level. With the nation facing a critical shortage of qualified math teachers, the student who completes the BA with secondary certification should expect a solid academic preparation and numerous job prospects.

The BS-Math program features a traditional, rigorous plan of study designed to expose the student to a broad range of mathematics at a level sufficient for graduate studies in math or statistics.

The Applied Math concentration prepares the student for a career in industry. The student in Applied Math may select from two preparation tracks - actuarial science and statistics. Students who pursue the actuarial science track are encouraged to take the professional exams offered by the Society of Actuaries. Graduates with the BS - Applied Math might consider a career as an actuary, statistician, computer programmer, systems analyst, financial analyst, or engineering analyst.

Expected Outcomes

Graduates from all of the math programs will have:

• an understanding of calculus and an ability to use calculus in applications

• knowledge of algebraic structures

• knowledge of the real numbers, functions, the topological properties of R, differentiation, and integration

• knowledge of and the ability to apply probability density functions

• knowledge of appropriate mathematical models

• the ability to think critically

• the ability to understand mathematical arguments and to construct mathematical proofs

• the ability to use computational devices and software in problem solving situations

• communication skills to acquire, develop, and convey mathematical knowledge

Department of Nursing

The Department of Nursing offers the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree. The BSN program is designed for qualified high school graduates, college students, individuals who have already earned a degree in another field, and registered nurses with a diploma or associate degree returning for a baccalaureate degree. Students who complete all program requirements and earn a registered nurse license are prepared to practice as a nurse generalist in a variety of settings, including acute care facilities and hospitals, public & community health agencies, long term care facilities, home health agencies, and industry. They are also prepared to manage patient care, apply research findings in clinical practice, participate in continuing education and professional nursing organizations, and pursue graduate education.

Mission

The mission of the Columbus State University Baccalaureate Nursing Program is to prepare caring, competent, professional nurses who provide holistic, culturally congruent, evidence-based services for diverse populations in community, regional, and global settings. The program facilitates student centered learning and is dedicated to excellence in teaching, nursing practice, and service through community and regional partnerships. (2006-2011)

Expected Outcomes

The Bachelor of Science in Nursing program graduates entry level professional nurse generalists who are prepared to provide holistic nursing services for diverse populations in a variety of settings, with a focus upon treating human responses to actual or potential health problems. Graduates are expected to:

• Assess the need for, plan, implement, and evaluate the effects of theory and evidence based nursing interventions selected to assist patients in achieving independence, quality of life, and/or a peaceful death.
• Communicate effectively using written, verbal, and non-verbal interchange as well as information technologies with the goal of mutual understanding of information, perceptions, ideas, and feelings.
• Make sound professional judgments and decisions based upon critical thinking, which includes cognitive skills, affective dispositions, and nursing knowledge and experience.
• Participate in community service activities, which include volunteer service in health care related professional and/or political activities.
• Express overall satisfaction with the nursing program, including the educational environment, teaching and learning experiences, the curriculum, learning resources, and facilitation of professional development.
• Successfully complete the NCLEX-RN licensing examination.

Accreditation

The Bachelor of Science in Nursing program has full approval from the Georgia Board of Nursing and is accredited by the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission, 61 Broadway, New York, New York 10014 212-363-5555.

RN Licensure

Graduates of the BSN program who meet all program requirements (including passing the Nursing Exit Examination) are eligible to take the Registered Nurse Licensure Exam (NCLEX-RN). Permission to sit for the NCLEX-RN exam for a graduate who has a felony conviction or who has had a license encumbered in the past rests solely with the Georgia Board of Nursing. Further information about licensing requirements may be obtained from the Georgia Board of Nursing.

Admission Requirements and Selection Criteria

Pre-Nursing Students

A student who meets the criteria for admission to Columbus State University may be admitted to the university for any semester and be classified as a pre-nursing student. Once classified as pre-nursing, the student should immediately schedule an advising appointment with a nursing advisor in the Department of Nursing. This appointment should be made before college orientation. During this initial meeting, the nursing advisor will go over the nursing curriculum sequence and help develop an individualized course sequencing plan for the pre-nursing student to insure he/she enrolls in the correct pre-nursing courses from the very first semester of study. Failure to meet with a nursing advisor as described may result in the pre-nursing student taking unnecessary courses OR taking required courses in a sequence that actually delays qualification for admission into the upper level clinical nursing courses.

Advanced standing through College Level Examination Program (CLEP) credit in pre-nursing courses may be granted in the behavioral sciences, humanities, social sciences, and mathematics according to policies stated in this catalog. No CLEP credit is allowed in the science courses by this program.

Admission to the University as a pre-nursing student only allows the student to take core curriculum and general education courses as they are available. Acceptance as a pre-nursing student does not guarantee admission to the professional nursing course sequence of the program.

Application and Admission to BSN Program

One nursing class is admitted into the upper level clinical nursing course sequence each fall semester. Separate application for admission to the clinical nursing course sequence must be made during January and February of the year in which a student anticipates qualifying for admission into the program. In order to be eligible for consideration for admission into the program, students must have:

• been admitted to Columbus State University
• earned a minimum nursing grade point average (GPA) of 2.75 based on a 4.0 scale (the "nursing grade point average" is calculated in the Nursing Department and is based only on those pre-requisite courses required for the nursing degree).
• passed all required science courses and labs with a grade of "C" or better with no more than one second attempt to pass one science course. Two science course failures within five years of potential admission date excludes a student from eligibility to apply for the nursing program.
• passed the Regents Examinations
• taken the Nursing Admission Exam and have grades available to the Department of Nursing no later than May 31 of year in which a students wishes to begin the program. The grades will be used in selecting admissions. (Contact the CSU Testing Center for details).
• submitted a completed application including all requirements outlined in the application.
• not been excluded from another nursing program for any reason, including (but not limited to) academic misconduct, disruptive behavior, or course failures.

Admission and progression policies are implemented in the Department of Nursing to assure that the size and academic qualifications of the student body are consistent with the instructional resources and objectives of the program. Therefore, it may not be possible to admit all students who meet the minimum requirements for admission. If there are more qualified applicants than positions available in a nursing class, selection for admission will be based primarily upon completion of prerequisites for nursing and the nursing GPA as described above. Students not selected for admission will be placed on waiting list by rank order. As spaces become available, students will be selected for admission from this waiting list until all the positions are filled. Students who are not selected may reapply for admission to next class admitted to the BSN program.

Post Baccalaureate Students

Student who have a baccalaureate degree in another field receive credit for core and general education requirements in accordance with CSU policy. To be eligible for admission into the nursing program, post baccalaureate students must complete all Area F and science prerequisite courses for nursing with a grade of C or better. Science courses and labs must have been completed within the time frame specified by the Department of Nursing. Contact Department of Nursing for details. Post baccalaureate students must complete the Nursing Admission Exam (see CSU Testing Center for details).

Advanced Placement for Registered Nurses

One class of RN students is admitted into the upper level nursing course sequence each fall semester. In order to be eligible for consideration for admission into the RN-BSN Program, RN students must have:

• been admitted to Columbus State University
• completed pre-requisite core and general education courses
  Note: students should contact the CSU Registrar's Office for questions about transfer credit of prerequisite courses. Credit for courses from other institutions may or may not be accepted for transfer, in accordance with CSU policy.
• earned a grade of C or better in all Area F and required science courses and labs completed
• earned a minimum nursing grade point average (GPA) of 2.75 based on a 4.0 scale (the "nursing grade point average" is calculated in the Nursing Department and is based only on those pre-requisite courses required for the nursing degree).
• passed the Regents Examinations
• submitted evidence of current RN licensure in the state of Georgia
• submitted evidence of clinical practice (or testing)
• submitted evidence of graduation from an NLN accredited nursing program
• submitted a completed application including all requirements outlined in the application
• not been excluded from another BSN program for any reason, including (but not limited to) academic misconduct, disruptive behavior, or course failures.

NOTE: RN-BSN applicants are not required to take the Nursing Admission Exam.

The RN-BSN nursing course sequence is designed so that it can be completed in one academic year (fall and spring semesters). Based on previous experience and current practice, RN students who successfully complete NURS 3278 (Bridge Course) receive credit for 33 hours of nursing credit. In addition, they take nursing courses required for the BSN degree.

Essential Abilities and Performance Standards Requirements

The BSN program mission is to prepare nurse generalists with basic competence in all areas of professional nursing practice. The following performance standards are set forth so that students will understand the essential eligibility requirements for participation and progression in the baccalaureate nursing programs at Columbus State University. These standards include intellectual / cognitive, observation, interpersonal / communication, motor, and behavioral functions. The ability to assess and observe, plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care for a patient in a reasonably independent manner is an expectation of the Department of Nursing.

Adapted with permission from:
Medical College of Georgia. January 1993
Armstrong Atlantic State University, 2003
Updated 06/30/03

Progression Policies & Graduation Requirement

Department of Nursing Progression Policies governs the progression of students in the nursing sequence.

Nursing students must earn a grade of C or better in each nursing course. Students must successfully complete both the classroom and clinical requirements of each nursing course in order to pass the course. Students are evaluated in the clinical portion of each course on a pass/fail basis. If a student fails the clinical portion of any nursing course, the entire course must be repeated upon its next offering on a space-available basis in order to remain in the program. Students must submit a letter to the BSN Program Director requesting to repeat a failed nursing course. Students who do not repeat a failed nursing course the next time it is offered OR at the time specified by the Department of Nursing must reapply to the nursing program. Students may not transfer credit from another institution to substitute as credit for a clinical nursing course failed at Columbus State University.

A student who has failed or withdrawn from a clinical or non-clinical nursing course will be allowed to repeat it only once. A student who fails or withdraws from the course a second time, OR who fails or withdraws from a second nursing course, will be ineligible for readmission into the BSN program.

Students who have withdrawn passing from the nursing one time due to extenuating circumstances may be considered for readmission if:

• there is space available in the courses requested
• a written request for readmission is submitted to the BSN Admissions and Progression Committee one semester prior to the requested return semester
• The student has a nursing GPA of 2.75 or higher.

Requirements for students to progress in the clinical nursing course sequence include:

• maintaining a 2.00 overall GPA
• passing Regents Examinations
• successful completion of prerequisites
• successful completion of required nursing calculation proficiency exams (e.g. calculations)
• successful completion of required nursing achievement examinations
• annual evidence of required immunizations, TB screening, BCLS certification, and current professional liability insurance.
• eligibility to enter clinical agencies for clinical experiences, which includes meeting the agency requirements related to criminal background checks.

Requirements for students to graduate from the BSN Program include:

• maintaining a 2.00 or higher overall GPA
• successful completion of all university requirements
• successful completion of all BSN program requirements, including passing the Nursing Exit Exam.

Students who fail to meet graduation requirements within seven years of their first admission to the nursing program are subject to having all credits reevaluated on the basis of the prevailing graduation requirements for the BSN degree.

Facilities

The nursing program is housed in Illges Hall where classrooms, skills laboratories, and faculty offices are located. Facilities for clinical nursing experiences include Doctor's Hospital, The Medical Center, St Francis Hospital, West Central Georgia Regional Hospital, Martin Army Hospital, Hughston Sports Medicine Hospital, and others in the area. Long-term and sub-acute care facilities include Hamilton House Nursing Center, Pine Manor, Oak Manor, Muscogee Manor and others in the area. Community facilities include physician's offices, Columbus Department of Public Health, West Central Health District sites, public schools, preschools, industrial sites, and a variety of rural and community sites in Columbus and the surrounding area. Other facilities for senior preceptorship experiences are recruited as needed.

Clinical Agency Agreements

In accordance with University System of Georgia standard clinical agreement contracts, students must comply with the following policies prior to enrollment in the first nursing course:

• Evidence of professional liability insurance
• A current negative tuberculin screening (e.g.. PPD) or negative chest x-ray
• Current Basic Cardiac Life Support certification
• Current immunizations and physical examination
• Criminal background check (required by clinical facilities)

Student Expenses

Nursing students must be prepared to incur expenses beyond the usual university tuition and fees, especially the fall semester of admission to the nursing program. These additional expenses include uniforms, achievement exams, specialty textbooks and online resources, medical supplies and equipment, class dues, and transportation to and from clinical sites. Students should anticipate and be prepares to purchase many of these additional items the fall semester of the first clinical nursing courses. Detailed information about expenses is available from the BSN Program Director.

Student Employment

The clinical nursing course sequence requires full time study. Classes and clinical experiences are held primarily during the day Monday through Friday, but may involve other days and times of day. Significant study and preparation time is also required outside of class and clinical lab times. Because these requirements, full time employment is discouraged. Students who are employed should seek positions that offer flexibility in scheduling and hours worked.

Upon successful completion of the first clinical nursing course, students may be hired as nurse technicians/nurse aides by some health care agencies. Students who are LPN's, Respiratory Therapists, or other health care workers may also be employed while in school. The nursing program at Columbus State University renounces all responsibility for the actions of nursing students who are employed in these positions. Clearly stated job descriptions for these positions are the sole responsibility of the employing agency. The employing agency also assumes legal and ethical responsibility for the actions of these employees.

Students with Health Related Licenses

Students with health related licenses must bring the license to the nursing program director's office. A copy of the license may be made for the student's record.

Department of Psychology and Sociology

Undergraduate Programs

The Department of Psychology and Sociology offers degrees in psychology and in sociology.

All psychology and sociology majors will take the ETS major field test during the term in which they will complete their degree requirements.

Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and the mind. An undergraduate degree in psychology enhances career opportunities in many fields. The Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BS) programs at CSU prepare qualified graduates for success in: (1) seeking employment in careers that require a baccalaureate degree, and (2) gaining entrance into graduate or professional programs in psychology or related fields. The BA degree requires achieving competence in a foreign language. The BS degree requires additional laboratory science courses. Both degrees can be completed in four years of full-time study. However, neither degree prepares students for immediate employment as professional psychologists. A masters degree or higher is required for most professional careers in psychology.

Our program serves over 200 students majoring in psychology, as well as a number of students pursuing the psychology minor. Faculty represent a diversity of psychology's subfields including clinical, cognitive, developmental, social, personality, biological, and behavior analysis. Faculty are eclectic in their interests, and work exceptionally well with one another and our students.

Our program has research laboratories and classrooms equipped to enhance the variety and quality of the learning experience. We provide opportunities for students to engage in individualized, hands-on, faculty-guided research and to present their results at professional conferences. We host a local chapter of Psi Chi, the national honor society in psychology, as well as our own Psychology Club. Both provide additional educational and extra-curricular opportunities for our students. As a community of learners we believe in high standards, hard work, and having fun!

Expected Outcomes

Graduates will be able to:

• demonstrate a knowledge base of significant facts, theories, and issues of psychology and a conceptual framework within which new facts and ideas can be assimilated
• demonstrate reasoning skills, employing critical thinking
• use English to participate effectively in communication of psychological knowledge and processes
• gather, synthesize, and utilize information from various sources
• demonstrate the ability to design experiments, gather data, and utilize quantitative tools and skills to investigate questions of human behavior
• demonstrate an understanding of the historical roots and development of psychology as a discipline and its place in the broader intellectual traditions of the sciences and humanities

Sociology

Sociology is the scientific study of people. From a broad perspective, sociologists study human social behavior in groups revealing the endless ways that social forces affect us in our daily lives while examining the causes and consequences of those social forces. The Columbus sate University Bachelor of Science in Sociology Program offers a comprehensive curriculum designed to educate students about a broad range of topics in the study of sociology; topics which include racial and ethnic groups, social class, families, religion, organizations, social attitudes and beliefs, crime, deviance, and gender. The value of a sociology degree comes from the ability of graduates to apply sociology to their work or personal lives, to understand the complexities of human social interaction, and to understand and perform the research methods sociologists use to study all human social life.

Mission

The mission of the Columbus State University Bachelor of Science in Sociology is:

• to give students a more profound understanding of society, its structures, how it functions, the interrelationships among its institutions, and its impact on the human individual

• to prepare those students who are planning careers in which knowledge of sociology contributes to quality performance

• to provide a strong foundation in the discipline for students planning to attend a graduate school of sociology

Expected Outcomes

Graduates will:

• be able to demonstrate knowledge of the fundamental ideas and concepts of contemporary sociology

• be able to demonstrate the ability to choose the appropriate research methods and, where applicable, the appropriate statistical methods to employ for study of a sociological subject

• have attained what C. Wright Mills calls the sociological imagination ("The sociological imagination enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society.")
• have obtained an understanding of values as well as propositions. They will have learned how to use these concepts in the exploration of human betterment. They will know how to think intelligently about what might constitute a good rule, norm or law; good structures; and how together the rules and structures may be used to create societies which provide the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.
• be able to demonstrate understanding of the ethical issues relevant to sociological research
• be able to read, listen, and think analytically, critically, and creatively about sociological matters.